Good Practice
Nine Good Practice Case Studies Published by T@W
March 2008
A further nine T@W Good Practice Case Studies (GPs) were added to the website in March 2008. They include two projects in Turkey relating to wind and geothermal power and the First German programmatic JI project. Two projects relate to co-firing of pellets in India and China, while four projects in Portugal cover forest biomass, landfill gas, solar power and energy efficiency.
Click on the links below to view the new case studies:
Download GP42 (134 Kb PDF)
A combination of ethanol production and co-firing in power plants is planned in India . The co-firing will be done with the (abundant) residues of the ethanol production from Sweet Sorghum, leading to the optimal utilisation of the biomass and therefore minimum consumption of land, water and other resources.
Download GP41 (27 Kb PDF)
A new technology allows to pelletise mixed and humid biomas without (thermal) drying, so low energy pelletising of agricultural residues becomes possible. Pelletising is important for large biomass projects, where collection and transport costs become important, as it allows to obtain high energy density and good storability of the biomass.
Co-firing these pellets with coal in power plants is relatively easy, requiring low investments: 100 - 8 Euro/kW in the EU for the plant adaptation + investment for the agri-pellets plant. Indeed, one pelletiser of 10 ton/hour can contribute with a fraction (16.6 MWhe) of a coal power plant 10% cofiring level for a 166 MWe capacity, thus, not too many pelletisers are needed to come to (for example) 10% of co-firing. These pelletisers can be located decentrally near rich biomass resources, while the pellets can be transported conveniently.
Therefore, it can lead to large scale projects, justifying overhead costs for CDM and a ROI benefits of at least 0.15.
Download GP40 (130 Kb PDF) - 1999
In 2005, 87% of the Portuguese energy needs were fulfilled by exported fossil fuels - oil, gas and coal. It is necessary to decrease the consumption of fossil fuels and increase the use of renewable energy sources. Portugal has a high potential of renewable energy resources, namely biomass – forest residues and wood waste. The use of biomass to produce energy has advantage beyond the decrease of greenhouse gases emissions and the decrease of the energy invoice, that are related with the reduction of fire risks by cleaning the forest, removing the combustible matters.
To use this potential, the Portuguese Government, already in 1990, asked EDP (Energy of Portugal, S.A), the Portuguese utility, to build and manage a power plant, which the input will be the forestry residues.
CBE (Portuguese Centre for Biomass Energy) performed the studies and concluded that Mortágua was a good location to implement the power plant, because the region has about 27% of the total Portuguese forested areas, and produces around 480.000 tons/year of dry forest residues. Another important reason to choose this location, was the high number of wood industries in the region, namely sawmills, which produce wood residues such as bark.
Download GP39 (150 Kb PDF) - January 2007
Portugal is an attractive location for solar power due to its sunny location that provides an optimal environment for high levels of solar energy production and also due to the new Portuguese energy policy framework, one of the most advanced renewable energy policies of the world, that was planned keeping in mind the security of energy supply and the promotion of the use of renewable energies. It is important to mention that one relevant key of this policy framework is a feed-in tariff for both ground-mounted and roof-mounted solar power systems, with 15 year power purchase guaranteed. The Portuguese government has guaranteed, for 15 years, a higher price (€0.31) than the market price (€0.09) for each kWh of solar energy produced.
The Serpa Solar Power Plant, situated at 200 km southeast of Lisbon, is the first large photovoltaic installation of Portugal and one of the largest projects in the world. The 11 MW project covers a total of 60 hectares and uses 52,300 solar panels. The electricity produced is sold to the national grid which is then used to fulfil the electricity needs of 8000 homes. This is a joint project of GE Energy Financial Services, PowerLight Corporation and Catavento (a Portuguese renewable energy company). GE Energy Financial Services financed and owns the facility. PowerLight designed the plant using its Power Tracker system, and is operating and maintaining it. Catavento developed the project and is providing management services.
Download GP38 (114 Kb PDF)
The Sermonde landfill receives municipal solid waste (MSW) from Vila Nova de Gaia and Santa Maria da Feira municipalities. The landfill exists since 1999, with a capacity to accept around 1.5 million tonnes of MSW and it is managed by SULDOURO SA. The use of biogas, which is a natural result of the decomposition of organic matter, to produce electricity and heat, was not considered since the beginning, but implemented after an assessment made by ENERGAIA (Gaia Municipal Energy Agency). This assessment was focused on the evaluation of the energy potential of the biogas and on the economic feasibility of the process. Due to the results obtained, SULDOURO decided to start with the design and the implementation of an energy production central that converts the biogas produced in the landfill to electricity and heat.
Download GP37 (36 Kb PDF) - 2007
The PPEC plan aims to promote measures that improve the electrical energy consumption efficiency. The actions will be implemented by suppliers, network operators and consumer associations, they are addressed to the consumers of different market sectors and result from proposed specific measures that are chosen by an evaluation process based in predefined criteria and budget established in the rules of the plan. ERSE is the entity responsible for this evaluation and selection of the measures.
Download GP36 (112 Kb PDF) - June 2007
Within the scope of the concrete application of the project-based Kyoto-mechanism, the Ministry of Economics of the Federal State of North Rhine- Westphalia intends to implement a pilot programmatic Joint Implementation (JI) project for this federal state. This is supposed to offer an incentive for the advanced renewal and modernisation of heating and steam boilers, both with and without fuel switch, which is not covered by the EU-Emission Trading Scheme (EUETS).
Target groups are small and medium sized companies as well as public facilities in North Rhine-Westphalia.
The implementation of the JI-project is effected in accordance with the Track1-procedure and in the terms of the “Programmatic CDM”. In this manner, new participants can be admitted continously to the JI-project, provided that they comply with the participation criteria – without the need for passing through the (JI-) authorisation process again. This means that the applicant of the program is credited the proceeds of emission reductions, which are the result of actual measures, in the form of ERUs.
Download GP35 (118 Kb PDF) - 2008
The purpose of the project activity is to generate electricity and feed it into the Turkish grid. The use of wind power for electricity generation saves greenhouse gas emissions compared to the conventional generation mix in Turkey.
Download GP34 (61 Kb PDF) - 2008
The purpose of the project activity is to generate electricity and heat from geothermal energy and feed the electricity into the Turkish grid. The use of
geothermal power for electricity generation saves greenhouse gas emissions compared to the conventional generation mix in Turkey.
